Tooth decay, also known as caries, stands as one of the most widespread dental concerns globally. It entails the deterioration or erosion of the outer enamel layer, resulting in the formation of small holes or pits. Children are particularly vulnerable to tooth decay due to the thinner and softer enamel found on primary teeth.
Read the article further to learn more about the causes of tooth decay in kids, the risk factors, and the effective preventive measures offered by the dentist in Norfolk, MA.
What is tooth decay?
Tooth decay, also known as dental caries, is the destruction of the tooth surface due to the breakdown of the enamel layer. Increased bacterial accumulation leads to the formation of plaque (soft sticky film covering the tooth surface) that produces harmful acids, toxins, and by-products. These toxins demineralize the hard layer of the tooth forming tiny holes, pits, or cavities. If left untreated, tooth decay in kids can cause pain, swelling, infection, and even tooth loss.
The oral cavity (mouth) is filled with bacteria which is harmful since it combines with food to form a soft, sticky, gelatinous film called plaque. The bacteria and plaque together use the sugar and starch from the foods one eats and drinks to produce acids and toxins. These by-products erode the hard mineral layer on the enamel and develop cavities. Over a while, the plaque can harden to form calculus (tartar), which not only damages the teeth but also irritates the gums to cause gum disease.
The common signs and symptoms based on the different stages of tooth decay include-
- Initially, white spots appear to form on the teeth in the affected areas. This may lead to early tooth sensitivity to hot, and cold foods
- A pit or tiny hole (cavity) may begin in the affected area. This may appear yellow, or light brown
- The gums around the affected tooth may be red and swollen which may also bleed
- The cavity may enlarge and widen, spreading into the deeper areas of the tooth.
- Tooth discoloration
- Pain and discomfort
- Halitosis (bad breath)
- Loss of appetite
- Lack of sleep due to pain and discomfort
How is tooth decay in kids treated?
Some common treatment options based on the extent of tooth decay and severity of symptoms include:
- Fluoride treatment
- Dental sealants
- Dental fillings
- Root canal with stainless steel crown
- Pulpotomy
- Pulpectomy
- Tooth extraction with space maintainers until permanent teeth erupt
Tooth decay is a genuine concern that can impact children as well. This is often a result of inadequate oral hygiene practices and unhealthy dietary choices. If you observe any signs of discoloration or cavities in your child’s teeth, it’s crucial to seek prompt dental consultation without delay.
